Q: For what distance is ray optics a good approximation when the aperture is 3 mm wide and the wavelength is 500 nm ?
Sol: For distance Z ≤ ZF, Ray optics is the good approximate ,
Fresnel distance , $\large Z_F = \frac{a^2}{\lambda} $
$\large Z_F = \frac{(3 \times 10^{-3})^2}{5 \times 10^{-7}} $
ZF = 18 m